Glossary of Terms

Antioxidant
An enzyme or other organic molecule that inhibits the destructive effects of oxidation and can guard the skin and body from the damaging effects of free radicals.

Collagen
A protein produced by skin cells that provide strength and resilience to the skin, it forms a superior protective film to soothe and hydrate.

Elastin
This protein, found in the layers of skin and artery walls, keeps skin soft and supple. Used as a moisture binder.

Emollient
An externally applied ingredient that softens or soothes skin.

Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs)
Fats the body cannot make, EFAs must be obtained from external sources. Part of the lipid layer, they help maintain the suppleness and elasticity of skin. These fats are necessary for the body’s functioning, their deficiency results in the skin losing moisture and leads to hardening and drying. They help nourish the skin deep within.

Essential Oils
These pure plant extracts or liquids are derived from flowers, leaves, stems, berries, rinds, resins, or roots of plants. Essential oils have long been used in ancient medicine and aromatherapy for their many beneficial qualities.

Fibroblast Cells
Fibroblast cells make collagen and elastin. They are the largest constituents of the skin and help to eliminate damaged tissue while repairing and renewing skin. Antioxidants in proper formulations work to protect fibroblast cells.

Free Radicals
Free radicals are abnormal molecules caused by environmental toxins and associated with the degenerative aging process. Free radicals attack fibroblast cells. Antioxidants help counter the effects of free radicals.

Humectant
Also called a hydrator, a humectant is an ingredient that attracts water to the skin.

Lipid Moisture Barrier
Also known as the skins acid mantle, the lipid moisture barrier provides the skin’s protective coating.

pH Balance
This is a measurement expression of acidity or alkalinity of a solution. Normal skin pH is 5.5. As people become older, the skin pH changes and becomes more susceptible to accelerating aging factors. This creates a biological terrain that sets in motion a cycle of degradation. It is important to choose skin care products that have a pH value close to that of your own skin.

Phytochemicals
These compounds, such as carotene and flavonoids, occur naturally in plants.

Proanthocyanidins
A potent class of antioxidant that protects connective tissue fibers, fibroblast cells and DNA from degradation.

Sebum
Sebum is an oily secretion produced by sebaceous glands, tiny ducts adjacent to hair follicles. Excess sebum is associated with oily skin and acne. Lack of sebum, more common as we age, leads to dryness and accelerates wrinkle formation.

Skin
The largest organ of the body, skin is made up of three layers: epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. Among its many functions, the skin is a highly absorptive organ.